Rap And Censorship Essays -- essays research papers

The beginnings of rap are believed to based on African rhythms which were used as a form of communication by the native peoples. The lyrical component of rap music is thought to have been greatly influenced by Cab Calloway with his repetitive chants and scats, along with his call-and-response technique with the audience. Rap evolved and gained in popularity in the 1960's when a few revolutionary "DJ's," including Kool DJ Herc, DJ Lovebug Starski, and DJ Hollywood, began to work block parties in the Bronx. They would bring in large speakers, hook them up to a turntable and play two of the same record at the same time, repeating the same section of the vinyl over and over by scratching it. Other performers would chant and yell to the crowd. In 1979, music companies recorded rap for the first time. Such acts as The Sugar Hill Gang, The Fatback Band, and Grandmaster Flash were among the first to gain popularity. In 1982, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released the first popular politically based rap. Grandmaster's song "The Message" deals with life in the inner city, and the stress of being around violence and drugs. It included such lyrics as, "Junkies in the alley with a baseball bat, I tried to get away but I can't get far, cause the man with the touch-up repossessed my car, don't push me 'cause I'm close to the edge†¦" The early popularity of rap was hindered by an inability to reach new audiences. After much controversy, MTV began to run videos by black artists. These artists were showcased primarily on the new program "Yo! MTV Raps". The rhythms and the lyrics attracted a spectrum of listeners, from inner-city minorities to suburban upper-class whites. During the same era, as rap was rising in popularity, the infamous "PMRC hearings" occurred. Tennessee senator Al Gore's wife, Tipper, led the PMRC, or Parents' Music Resource Center. This group, which included a number of other wives of Washington legislators, convinced Congress to hold hearings regarding the placement of warning labels on "offensive" albums. The National PTA also called for warning labels on violent, sexually explicit, or vulgar albums in their yearly address in 1984. During the Congressional hearings, several ideas were considered including warning labels, a ratings system, and singer... ...ould be able to access? Rap music and all other forms of media have their places in this world. While some may argue strongly about whether certain types of music are beneficial or even safe for society to witness, their arguments remain their personal opinions. The true fight for free speech lies not in fighting for the right to hear what you agree with, but in fighting for the freedom of those with whom you disagree. When you take away the public's right to voice a differing opinion, either through their music, their writing, or their art you strike at the very heart of freedom for which America is supposed to stand. References ACLU News. May 31, 1996. Online. Biafra, Jello. "If Evolution is Outlawed, Only Outlaws Will Evolve". Alternative Tentacles Records. 1998. Massachusetts Music Industry Coalition Newsletter. Volume 1, Issue 2. February, 1997. MMICN. Volume 1, Issue 3. September, 1997. MTV News. September 2, 1998. Online. Rock Out Censorship. Online. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #4. August, 1983. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #7. December, 1983. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #118. September, 1994. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #130. January, 1996.

Functions of Management Essay

Most businesses are guided through some type of philosophy that may increase in profit and to ensure the business success and growth according to (Bateman & Snell 2007). This paper will demonstrate the following four functions of management; planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These types of functions must be performed by the management teams depending on the level of industry, title or the amount of obligations or task within the company. The four types of functions will define the roles and responsibility of each team. This paper will explain those four functions and how they currently apply in my workplace. First function is planning, this type defines as being able to set some type of goal or deciding the course of action, it is developing rules and regulations, developing plans on both the organizations and people that actually work in it as well as forecasting on what the future holds for the company. For example, in my current company that I work for Vynapse LLC, I was recently promoted to become the new Project Manager. The company just recently moved its biggest account from one of our locations in Windsor to our Napa office. As a Project Manager it is my responsibility to ensure that the process of the move on this account will run smoothly as it can be and to ensure that this happens I will need game plan to get this account into our building. This is just an example of what a planning function would be. Second function is organizing, this type defines the identity of the jobs that are required to be done, which means hiring the right team, being able to establish departments and delegating or pushing authorities to subordinates and establishing communication according to (Bateman & Snell 2007). As a Project Manager moving this account to our facility, I now have the responsibility to hire an entire crew for operations for instance, developing a whole department of Inventory, Customer Service and a warehouse team. As a Project Manager I would need to be organized and ensure all these steps happen in a timely manner especially having a deadline of when the move will take place. Third function is leading, this type of defines on influencing other people to ensure the job gets done, it is maintaining morale, managing conflict and the key as always is communication. As the new Project Manager it is my role to be that example or have that leadership to show my team that I am able to managed this account and that the process will run smoothly without it having to fall through the cracks. The key to leading is having that communication with my team members especially for the new team I will be hiring. I want to be that example and show that I am able to do the job in a timely fashion. Fourth function is controlling, this type defines the performance standards. No matter how the project can be really difficult, I still have to set standards for every task. As a Project Manager, I have to be sure that I set standards and ensure that for any performance that may happen during the process of the movement to our location that I may be able to solve any of the issues that may come towards me. Learning to have the control in the workplace is such an important aspect because you always want to set that goal or that standard towards your fellow employees or coworkers. In closing, â€Å"Controlling Function of Managment,† 2011 management is such an important role in the business world. Understanding the key roles of each function of planning, organizing, leading and controlling will help an individual to become a better manager. As a new Project Manager to the company, it is very challenging, but at the same time understanding or knowing these four function has helped me to ensure that the account that is being transferred to our location will help me to become a good manager. References Management: The New Competitive Landscape (7th ed.) T.S. Bateman and S.A. Snell McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007 New York, NY. Controlling Function of Managment. (2011). All about economics, (1), 5. Retrieved from http://www.sayeconomy.com/controlling-function-of-management/

Is Secondary Victimisation A Necessary Evil For Justice...

IS SECONDARY VICTIMISATION A NECESSARY EVIL FOR JUSTICE WITHIN CONTEMPORARY CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS? This essay will explore the statement that secondary victimisation is a necessary evil In terms of contemporary justice by addressing it through three key lenses, these are Law enforcement agencies, and the court system. WHAT IS RE-VICTIMISATION? Re-victimisation or secondary victimisation has huge prevalence throughout all areas of the contemporary society and example of this comes from the study’s done Patterson who found that nearly half of all rape victim who seek asylum with a law enforcement agencies will face some form of victimisation. Secondary victimisation by definition is any behaviours and subsequent attitudes that indulge in victim blaming and insensitivity, to which cause psychological trauma to the victim. The outcomes of can be devastating as it was found that women who suffered from a crime like rape were more likely to suffer from psychological illness’s like post traumatic personality disorder, however the study did no conclude that the re-victimisation was a causation but rather a reinforce or an undeniable trigger. This study was only conducted with rape victims so it is unclear whether this can be extrapolated onto other crimes, but what is clear is that re-victimisation within any setti ng is ultimately damaging to the victims involved. SECONDARY VICTIMISATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES? Law enforcement agencies play a massive role in the justice